Unit08Book9
【詞匯檢測】
1打掃干凈_________2饑餓_________3無家可歸的_________4使振奮_________5分發_________6打掃_________7招_________牌8廣告_________9推遲_________10建立_________11設立_________12想出_________13主要的_________14奉獻_________15基礎的_________16獸醫_________17指導_________18與相象_________19修理_________20修補_________21贈送_________22修理_________23相似的_________24展示_________25分發_________26電話交談節目_________27策略_________28結局_________29肢體有殘疾的_________30機構_________31快樂_________32盲的_________33聾的_________34不能的_________35關上_________36搬運_________37特意地_________38取來_________39立即_________40支持_________41感激_________42捐款_________43詞類_________44代詞_________45副詞_________46介詞_________47連詞_________48贈送_________
【短語集中】
1. help clean up the city park
2. homeless people
3. help stop hunger
4. put off
5. make a plan
6. hand out
7. cheer up
8. set up a food bank
9. be a volunteer
10. the after-school care center
11. leave school
12. a professional singer
13. feel good14. not only… but also
15. start a club
16. use up
17. take after
18. give away
19. put up
20. do a radio interview
21. be similar
22. offer lessons for children
23. after six months of training
24. because of your kind donation
25. life with pleasure
【句子再現】
1. These three students all volunteer their time to help other people.
2. This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week, so it is a major commitment.
3. Huiping loves to read, and she puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care center at her local elementary school.
4. He sings for groups of people at the city hospital to cheer them up.
5. Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do.
6. Zhu Ming says he has met some wonderful people at the hospital.
7. The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project at their school.
8. He also put up some signs asking for old bikes and called up all his friends and told them about the problem.
9. He even handed out advertisements at a local supermarket.
10. The strategies that he came up with worked out fine.
11. Be quiet please, class. I’m going to give out your test papers.
12. You see, you have helped make it possible for me to have “lucky”, who has filled my life with pleasure. Let me tell you my story.
13. Being blind, deaf, unable to walk or use your hands easily is something that most people cannot imagine.
14. But there are many people who face these challenges, and I am one of them.
15. Because I can’t use my arms or legs well, normal things like answering the telephone, opening and shutting doors or carrying things have always been difficult for me.
16. Then one day last year, a friend of mine said that she would like to help me out.
17. She said she would talk to “Animal Helpers” to see if it would be possible for me to get a specially trained dog.
18. He has been trained to understand different instructions.
19. Your donation is greatly appreciated and the money is well used to help disabled people like me.
20. Then I fix up the bikes and give them away to kids who don’t have enough money to buy their own bikes.
21. I guess I take after my father. He’s always helping people.
22. Your parents must be proud of you.
23. Now I’ve run out of money to buy old bikes.
24. I need to come up with some way of getting money or I’ll have to stop.
【疑點注釋】
1. I’d like to help homeless people. (P60)我想幫助無家可歸的人。
homeless是形容詞，意為“無家可歸的”，由home+后綴-less構成。
特別提示
less后綴通常加在名詞的后面，構成形容詞，表示與原來名詞意思相反的形容詞，如groundless 無根據的， odorless 無氣味的, careless粗心的，useless無用的。
2. You could help clean up the city parks. (P60)你可以幫著打掃城市公園。
◎clean up是“清除、除去（垃圾、污物）”等，使地方干凈。
Please clean up the room after the party. 聚會后把房間打掃干凈。
We should clean up the dirty parts of the sea.
我們應該清除海里的污染部分。
◎clean up還可以表示“掙得，贏得（多少錢）”。
He cleaned up a small fortune. 他發了一筆小財。
特別提示
clean oneself up意為“洗干凈”。
Your hands are dirty, you’d better clean yourself up.
你的手臟了，你應該洗洗它們。
3. You could give out food at a food bank. (P60)你可以在食品供應站分發食品。
give out在這里是“分發”，“散發”的意思。
Our English teacher gave out the examination papers when the bell rang.
我們的英語老師在鈴響的時候分發試卷。
◎另外一個意思為“用完”，“消耗盡”。
After a week their food supplies gave out. 一周之后，他們的食物供應用完了。
◎還有一個意思為“發出”，“送出”。
The sun gives out a lot of heat. 太陽能發出熱量。
4. He looks sad. Let’s cheer him up.(P61)他看上去很傷心。我們去幫他振作起來吧。
cheer up sb或cheer sb up意為“（使某人）高興起來，振作起來”。如果是代詞做賓語，則將代詞放在中間。
Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 不要發愁啦，這消息不錯嘛！
He took her to the ballet to cheer her up.
他為了使她高興起來，便帶她去看芭蕾舞。
5. This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week, so it is a major commitment. (P62)這份義工每周花了他們每個人好幾個小時的時間，所以這是一個重大的貢獻。
(1)each of them是指“他們中的每一個”。如果做主語，則謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。
知識拓展
each與every的用法
◎each指一個整體中的每一個，強調個體；every著重于全體的總和，強調整體。試比較：
Each has a different book. （強調各有不同。）
Here every child at the age of six can go to school. （側重整體，無一例外。）
◎each可作形容詞及代詞，而every只能作形容詞，但可與-one，-body，-thing等構成復合代詞。
◎each用在代詞或復數名詞前要用介詞of連接，如each of them, each of the boys; every不能直接跟of連接，如不可以說every of them，而要說every one of them或each of them。
◎every還可以表示“每隔”，后接基數詞加名詞，如every four weeks, every three months等，此種結構中的every不能用each代替。
She had a rest every fives minutes. 她每隔5分鐘就休息一會兒。
魔力糾錯
①街道兩旁有許多商店。
誤：There are many shops on every side of the street.
正：There are many shops on each side of the street.
魔力解析
each可以用來指兩個或兩個以上的人或物，但是every卻總是指三個或三個以上的人或物，不能指兩者。
6. Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. (P62)我不僅對幫助別人感到很滿足，而且我還漸漸地花時間做自己喜愛做的事情。
(1)not only ... but also (also可省略)是“不但……而且……”的意思，當置于句首時，not only后面從句的主謂要倒裝，但but （also）后面的主謂不用倒裝。
Not only has he been to Canada, but (also) he knows some Canadians.
他不僅去過加拿大，而且還認識許多加拿大人。
Not only did he teach at school, but (also) he wrote novels.
他不僅在學校里教書，而且還寫小說。
7. “Don’t put it off,” says HuiPing. “Become a volunteer today!” (P62) “別猶豫”，慧萍說，“今天就來當一名自愿者吧！”
(1)put off 意思是“推遲，拖延”。
Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today. 今日事今日畢。
They put off the soccer game because of the rain.
因為下雨，他們把球賽推遲了。
You should not put off going to see the doctor. 你不應該拖延去看醫生。
◎put off還可意為“關掉”，相當于turn off。
Please put off the lights before you leave the classroom.
在你離開教室之前，請關掉燈。
(2)become是系動詞，表示“變成，成為”，后面接名詞、形容詞、過去分詞等。
She became famous in her city. 她在她所在城市的成為名人了。
知識拓展
become后可接介詞of，構成what becomes of sb/sth 表示“某人/某事進展如何”。
What became of the dreams of our youth? 我們年輕時的理想何在？
特別提示
系動詞get, turn , grow和become都可表示“變得，感到”，其區別是：
◎get用于日常用語，后面常跟比較級。
The weather gets colder, and the days get shorter. 天氣變冷了，白天變短了。
◎turn指在顏色和性質等方面變得與原來不同。
His face turned red. 他的臉變紅了。
◎grow著重變化過程。
It’s growing dark. 天漸漸地變黑了。
◎become是指身份、職位的變化，作瞬間動詞時，指狀態的變化。
He became an artist. 他成為了一名藝術家。
8. Jimmy takes after his mother. (P63)吉米的言行舉止像他媽媽。
本句中的take after sb 表示“長相或舉止像（某個長輩）”，不能用于被動語態。
To my surprise, Jack doesn’t take after his father at all.
令我驚奇的是，杰克和他爸爸長的一點兒也不像。
Mary really takes after her mother, she has the same eyes, nose, and hair.
瑪麗長得真像她媽媽，眼睛、鼻子和頭發一個樣。
9. Jimmy has run out of money. (P63)吉米把錢花光了。
run out of意為“用完”，其主語通常是人，表示主動含義，后面跟賓語。
He has run out of ink.他用完了墨水。
I’m afraid we’re run out of petrol.我們的汽油怕是已用完了。
特別提示
run out也是“用完”的意思，其主語通常是被使用的事物，如時間、金錢、食物等，但不用于被動語態，同時其后也不能跟賓語。
His money soon ran out. 他的錢很快就花完了。
Have you nearly finished? Time is running out. 你快做完了嗎？時間快到了。
10. I fix up bikes and give them away. (P63)我修理好自行車，然后捐贈出去。
(1)fix up相當于to repair，表示“修理，修補，整理”,其后跟物件名詞作賓語。
My watch sometimes gains and sometimes loses. Can you fix it up for me?
我的表有時快，有時慢，你能幫我修修嗎？
My mother is too old to live on her own, so we’re fixing up the spare room for her. 我母親年齡太大了，不能自己生活，所以我們正收拾這個多出的房間讓她住。
特別提示
如果fix up的賓語是“人”的話，則構成fix sb up with sth句型，表示“為某人安排某件事，向某人提供某物”。
I’ll fix you up with a place to stay. 我來給你安排住處。
(2)give sth away 意思是“捐贈，贈送”。
The rich man gave away most of his money to charity.
那個富人把他的大部分錢都捐給了慈善事業。
知識拓展
◎give away還可以表示“分發或贈與某物，由于大意而未利用或抓住（時機，機會等）”。
The headmaster gave away the prizes at the school sports day.
校長在學校運動會上頒發了獎品。
◎give away還可以表示“有意或無意地泄露某事情或出賣某人”。
The woman gave away state secrets to the enemy.
那個婦女把國家機密泄露給了敵人。
11. He even handed out advertisements at a local supermarket. (P64)他甚至在當地的一家超市散發廣告。
hand out意為“散發”，其中hand是動詞。
The teacher is handing out the maths papers. 老師在發數學試卷。
短語鏈語
hand in“面交”，“上交”。
The students are handing their papers in.學生們在交試卷。
12. Then he told the teachers at school about his problem ... (P64)然后他告訴老師自己的問題……
tell sb about sth是“把某事告訴某人”的意思，有時表示“囑咐或語氣較輕的命令”，常用于tell sb to do sth結構。
The teacher told us about his story. 老師給我們講了他的故事。
My mother usually tells me to be careful on my way to school.
媽媽常常告訴我在去上學的路上一定要小心。
13. The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. (P64)他想到的那些辦法獲得了成功。
(1)這是一個由that引導的定語從句，先行詞是前面的strategies。動詞短語worked out在這里作主語the strategies的謂語，意為“產生結果，發展為，結果是……”，后面不可接賓語，主語也不用“人”來充當。
I wonder how their ideas worked out in practice.
我很想知道他們的想法在實踐中取得了什么結果。
We didn’t plan it like that but it worked out very well.
我們原不是那樣計劃的，但結果卻很好。
知識拓展
work out的其它用法
It was the best solution that he was able to work out at this time.
這是他這時能想出的最好的解決辦法了。（想出）
I can’t work out the meaning of this poem. 我理解不了這首詩的意思。（理解）
短語鏈語
◎work on意為“從事”。
Professor Green is working on a new book. 格林教授正在寫一本新書。
He is working on a maths problem. 他正在算一道數學難題。
◎work on后面無賓語時，表示繼續工作。
It’s very late, but they were still working on.
時間很晚了，但他們仍然在繼續工作。
(2)fine在這里是副詞，可與well替換，意思是“好，順利”。
The machine works fine. 這臺機器運行很好。
Sam is doing fine in his new business.
薩姆在他的新業務中一切進展順利。
14. ...Who has filled my life with pleasure. (P66)……使我生活充滿快樂的人。
(1)本句中的fill...with...表示一個動作，意為“用……裝滿……”，其主語通常是人。
He filled the bag with books. 他在書包里裝滿了書。
Please fill the bottle with milk. 請將瓶子裝滿牛奶。
知識拓展
be filled with表示一個狀態，意為“裝滿了……”，相當于be full of，其主語通常是人或物。
The room was filled with smoke. 房間里濃煙彌漫。
Her eyes were filled with tears. 她眼睛里充滿了淚水。
(2)pleasure意為“高興，快樂”，是不可數名詞；表示“樂趣，高興的事”時是可數名詞。
Reading gives me great pleasure. 讀書給了我很多快樂。
It is one of my greatest pleasures. 它是我最大樂趣之一。
◎在口語中It’s pleasure. 是回答感謝的客套語。
—Thank you for your help. 感謝你的幫助。
—It’s a pleasure. 不用謝。
特別提示
◎pleased是形容詞，意為“自己感到高興的，欣喜的，滿意的”，指以任何方式表現出來或未表現出來的滿足與快樂，在句中常用作表語，其主語為人。
The two friends were very pleased to see each other again.
這兩個朋友非常高興再次見面。
I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me.
使我高興的是經理已經不再生我的氣了。
◎pleasant也是形容詞，表示“使人感到愉快／滿意”，一般用作定語，如主語是物，也可以用作表語。
It’s pleasant weather today. 今天的天氣令人愉快。
It’s very pleasant to sit down after standing for hours.
站了幾小時后坐下來很舒服。
◎please是動詞，表示“（使）高興，滿意，愉快”。
Does the cloth please you? 這布料合你的意嗎？
15. Because I can’t use my arms or legs well, normal things like answering the telephone, opening and shutting doors, or carrying things have always been difficult for me. (P66)因為我不能靈活地使用我的手和腳，像接電話、開關門、拿東西這樣的事情對于我來說都很難。
(1)本句中的shut意為“關”，在許多情況下可以與close互換，只是后者語氣較弱，如close the door關門（也可能指半開半閉），shut the door關門（指把門關緊）。
That shop shuts at eight pm. 那家商店八點鐘關門。
He closed his speech with a funny joke. 他用一個有趣的笑話結束了演說。
◎當表示“關閉公路，鐵路或交通工具”或作“結束”講時，只用close。
They have closed the road for thick fog. 由于大霧，那條公路被關閉。
特別提示
turn off用來表示“關閉”有開關的東西，如收音機、電視、煤氣、水龍頭等。
Please turn off the light when you leave the lab.
在你離開實驗室前關掉燈。
Make sure the gas is turned off before you go to bed.
確保上床前把煤氣關掉。
(2)本句中的carry意為“搬運，攜帶”，不表示帶到什么地方，而攜帶的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。
She carried a baby in her arms. 她懷里抱了一個孩子。
He was carrying a wooden box on his shoulder.他扛著一個木箱。
特別提示
在后面“Lucky! Fetch my book.”一句中出現的fetch相當于go and bring back，意為“取來，接來”，表示一往一返。
Let’s fetch some water. 咱們去打點水來。
People had to walk many kilometers in order to fetch wood.
為了取木料，人們不得不走許多公里路。
【考點歸納】
短語動詞小結
常見短語動詞結構有下面幾種：
1.動詞+副詞 如：give up 放棄 turn off 關掉 stay up 熬夜
這種結構有時相當于及物動詞，如果其賓語是代詞，就必須放在動
詞和副詞之間，如果是名詞，則既可插在動詞和副詞之間，也可放
在短語動詞后。
2. 動詞+介詞 如：listen of 聽 look at 看 belong to 屬于
這種結構相當于及物動詞，后面跟賓語。
3. 動詞+副詞+介詞 如：come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完，耗盡
4. 動詞+名詞(介詞) 如：take part in參加 catch hold of 抓住
1.cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高興、振作 如：cheer me up 使我高興
clean up 打掃 clean-up n. 打掃
2. homeless adj. 無家可歸的 a homeless boy 一個無家可歸的男孩
home n. 家
3. hand out 分發 hand out bananas
give out 分發 give out sth to sb. 分….給某人
give up doing 放棄… give up smoking 放棄吸煙
give away 贈送 捐贈 give away sth. to …. give away money to kids
give sb. sth. 給某人某東西 give me money 給我錢
give sth. to sb. 給某人某東西 give money to me 給我線
4. sick adj. 生病的 作表語、定語
ill adj. 生病的 作表語 ，不能作定語
5. volunteer to do v. 志愿效勞、主動貢獻
volunteer n. 志愿者
6. come up with 提出 想出 === think up 想出
catch up with 趕上 追上
7. put off doing 推遲做某事 put on 穿上 (指過程) put up 張貼
8. write down 寫下 記下
9. call up 打電話 make a telephone call 打電話
10. set up 成立 建立
The new hospital was set up in 2000. 這座醫院是在2000年成立的。
11. each 每個 各自的 強調第一個人或事物的個別情況 常與of 連用
every 每個 每一個的 一切的 則有“全體”的意思不能與of 連用
12. put …to use 把… 投入使用，利用
They put the new machine to use. 他們把新機器投入使用
13. help sb. (to) do 幫助某人做某事 help him (to) study
help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事 help him with English
help do 幫助做某事 help study
14. plan to do 計劃做某事 plan + 從句
I plan to go to Beijing. === I plan (that) I will go to Beijing. 我計劃去北京。
15. spend … doing 花費…做… I spent a day visiting Beijing.
我花了一天的時間去參觀北京。
spend… on sth. 花費…在… I spent 3 years on English.
16.not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用來連接兩個并列的成分
(1)引導以 not only …but (also)… 開頭的句子往往引起部分倒裝。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒裝句。也是說得要
把前面的句子中的助動詞或者是情態動詞放在主語的前面。如：
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best.
我不僅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接兩主語時，謂語動詞隨后面的主語人稱和數的變化 也就是就近原則 如：
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓。
常見的就近原則的結構有：
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (兩者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜歡他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (兩者中的一個)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be
17. join 參加 (指參加團體、組織) 如：join the Party 入黨
take part in 參加 (指參加活動) 如：
take part in sports meeting 參加運動會
18. ①run out of == use up 用完 用盡
I have run out of money.== I have used up money. 我已經用完了錢。
②run away 逃跑 The monkey has run away from the zoo.
這只猴子已經從動物園里逃跑了。
③run to + 地方 跑到某地
19. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)與(父母等)相像
be similar to 與..相像
take after 相像 look after 照顧 take care of 照顧
20. work out 算出 結局
The situation worked out quite well. 情況的結局非常好
Have you worked out this math problem? 你已經算出這道數學問題了嗎？
21. hang out 閑蕩 閑逛
I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜歡和我的朋友一起去購物中心閑蕩。
22. be able to do 能 會 be unable to do 不能 不會
23. thank you for doing 謝謝做某事 如： thank you for helping me 謝謝做幫助我
24. for sure 確實如此，毫無疑問
You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你沒有錢，這是毫無疑問的。
25. fill… with… 使…充滿… 用…填充…
She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填滿碗。
26. like prep. 像…
27. help sb. out 幫助…做事，解決難題(擺脫困境)
I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out.
我不能算出這道數學問題，請你幫我解決。
28. train n. 火車
train v. 訓練
train sb. to do. 訓練某人做某事
She trains her dog to fetch things. 她訓練她的狗去取東西。
29. at once == right away 立刻 馬上 如： Do it at once. 馬上去做。
I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我馬上去那里。
30. one day 有一天 (指將來/過去)
some day 有一天(指將來) 如： One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。
Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我將去北京。
31. specially adv. 特意地 專門地 特別地 special adj. 特別的
32. donation n. 捐贈物 donate v. 捐贈 贈送
33. part of speech 詞性 詞類
34. disabled adj. 肢體有殘疾的 disable v. 不能
【限時閱讀】
“Ring… ring…” the telephone suddenly rang. Sam got up to 1 the call. It was his aunt. “Sam, 2 are you still at home?” she asked surprisingly.
Sam 1ooked at the clock. It was already 7:30 a. m.
“Oh, my goodness! There’s an important 3 today,” Sam shouted out.
He hurried to wash his face and get 4 . When he was going to leave the house, he 5 that he had not put away his books. He ran quickly to the 6 and put them into the bag.
He then went to the bus stop to go to school as 7 as he could. When he got into the classroom, his classmates were 8 writing.
“Why are you so 9 ?” asked the teacher .
“I’m sorry, sir,” Sam answered, afraid of looking 10 . “It was my clock.. It 11 to wake me up this morning and ....”
“Don't say anything about it,” his teacher 12 him. “Don’t try to come late next time!”
Sam said yes and walked to his 13 quickly. But when he tried to do the paper, he could not 14 in a right way. He put his head on the desk and said, “What a 15 day it has been for me!” (209 words 8 minutes)
( )1. A. find B. give C. put D. answer
( )2. A. why B. how C. when D. where
( )3. A. talk B. party C. exam D. meeting
( )4. A. tired B. lost C. dressed D. rested
( )5. A. forgot B. remembered C. understood D. thought
( )6. A. classroom B. desk C. bus D. door
( )7. A. carefully B. quietly C. early D. fast
( )8. A. worried B. free C. busy D. careful
( )9. A. 1ate B. ill C. lonely D. ready
( )10. A. down B. up C. out D. back
( )11. A. happened B. stopped C. failed D. pointed
( )12. A. helped B. knew C. followed D. stopped
( )13. A. room B. table C. seat D. teacher
( )14. A. think B. sit C. turn D. speak
( )15. A. short B. bad C. happy D. usual
【話題訓練】
當今社會上有很多杰出的志愿工作者，他們用他們的汗水詮釋著他們的人生。請你以“Being a Volunteer is Great”為題寫一篇短文。
要求：語意通順、連貫、符合邏輯，語法、時態、格式正確。
Being a Volunteer is Great
Everyone has a will. So do I. I want to be a teacher in the future. I will be very happy if I can try my best to help my students when they have problems. But I know I must work hard because there is no royal road to learning, and also idle young, needy old. As my English teacher has told me that life is a great big canvas, and you should throw all the paint on it you can. So for the will we shall make into reality,for the future that shall come to us, let’s work hard together. He who laughs last laughs best.
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