一、題型介紹：
過去在閱讀理解題中占很大比例。細節題要求考生具備快速尋找信息的能力，采用針對性方法進行閱讀。多數情況下，作者不會明確地呈現一個事實，讀者需根據已有的信息進行處理，讀出言外之意。還要特別注意文章的時間順序、故事發生的地點、情節的發展、和人物之間的關系。
考查文章細節理解的測試題
① This article is particularly written for ___.?
　　② When the writer says … he really means ___.?
　�、� The author's attitude to… is that ___.?
　　④ What kind of atmosphere does the writer want to create in this passage??
　�、� The writer regards… as ___.?
　�、� The writer's purpose in writing this story is ___.

二、細節題具體方法與步驟：
①排除干擾項 ，突出主題。事實細節題的設計干擾項一般都是某一細節的錯誤敘述與論斷，可先排除干擾項。作為命題內容的細節一般總是短文的要點活主要論據。因此正確的選項往往與短文的主題密切相關。
② 按文章的體裁，作者寫作的組織模式及有關的信息詞，如for example，first，second…等預測應該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實。
③ 將自己精力放在尋找你所需要的細節上，快速通篇跳讀，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z形掃視，直到找到細節出處，待找到含細節句子時，放慢速度，仔細核對比較內容，直至找到答案。
④注意識別指代詞語。為避免重復，文章中對多次提及的事物或現象會使用不同的詞語，如同義詞、近義詞、代詞等。

三、考題探究
Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds(灰狗) and believe they need lots of exercise. They can actually be quite lazy! Greyhounds are good at fast races but not long-distance running. They do need regular exercise but they like to run for a short burst and then get back on the bed or a comfortable seat. Another misunderstanding is that greyhounds must be aggressive(好斗的) because they are big in size. In fact greyhounds love people and are gentle with children.
Greyhounds can live for 12-14 years but usually only race for two or three years, and after that they make great pets. They don’t need a lot of space, don’t make a lot of noise, and don’t eat a lot for their size.
Normally, greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is, however, a small-sized greyhound, which stands only 33 cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common. Others include black, white, blue, red and brown or a mix of these.
Greyhounds have smooth body coats, low body fat and are very healthy. Because they’re slim（苗條的）they don’t have the leg problems like other dogs the same height. But they do feel the cold. Especially since they would much rather be at home in bed thanwalking around outside.
1 Why does the author say that greyhounds make great pets?
A. They are big in size.
B. They live a very long life.
C. They can run races for some time.
D. They are quiet and easy to look after.
2 . If you keep a pet greyhound, it is important .
A. to keep it slim
B. to keep it warm
C. to take special care of its legs
D. to take it to animal doctors regularly
學海導航
1 D 從題目可以看出該題目是考查對文章細節理解的題目。結合語境，注意上下文的關系，注意查找關鍵信息。由文章的第二段的內容來看，文章用了三個具有否定意義的排比句They don’t need a lot of space, don’t make a lot of noise, and don’t eat a lot for their size.，分析了灰狗的習性和特點，尤其是在點明了they make great pets之后，又對其原因進行了分析，此時我們就可以根據文章的講解來推斷題目。故該題目的關鍵是對文章第二段的內容進行分析，歸納，然后得出結論。
2 B 由題目可知該題應該是個對文章細節的推斷題。由該題考查的內容，我們可以講注意力放在文章的最后一段。最后一段中提到灰狗沒有其他類型狗的腿的毛病，因此 C項錯誤。文章特別提到they do feel the cold.，說明他們怕冷，因此就需要保暖了。故B項是正確答案。

四、實例演練
Some children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, “operates under the theory of what’s mine is mine and what’s yours is mine,” says his mother. “The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers（劍）。 Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”
“Examine the extended family, and you’ll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It’s an inheritable trait,” says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance（支配地位） when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other.
Whether it’s inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands at the young isn’t healthy for children or the family, Fear is at the root of a lot of bossy behavior, says family psychologist John Taylor. Children, he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, “have secret feelings of weakness” and “a desire to feel safe.” It’s the parents’ role to provide that protection.
When a “boss child” doesn’t learn limits at home, the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coaches, for example, or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as thetop dog if no one likes your bossy ways.
“I see more and more parents giving up their power,” says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years. “They bend too far because they don’t want to be as strict as their own parents were. But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious.”
1、 Bossy children like Stephen Jackson.
A. make good decisions
B. show self-centeredness
C. lack care from others
D. have little sense of fear
【點津】 B 該題目主要是對文章的細節的考查，我們在讀完題目后，我們可以將注意力放在第一段中的I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”在認真分析后我們可知Stephen 不知道對別人關心、照顧，而是以自我為中心。故B 項是正確答案。
五、經驗總結:
通過對上面內容的講解和自己練習我們可以做出一下的總結:
1 定位能力很重要，要通過不斷的做練習來進行有意識的培養。
2 細節理解題通常是定位部分的變體或者是重復，即意思相同但表達的方式會有所變化。
3 切忌通過自己對某類知識的主觀了解做出憑空想象的判斷，每一道題目的選擇都離不開對原文的理解和把握，答題時要力求緊扣文章中心來尋找解題的線索。
 

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