英語動詞時態、語態考點誤用剖析

1. 對不起，我沒看見你在這兒。

　　[誤] Sorry, I don"t see you here.

　　[正] Sorry, I didn"t see you here.

　　[析] 根據語境，本句是指剛才沒看見對方在這，而不是現在沒看見對方在這，所以要用一般過去時。

　　2. 你能告訴我北京冬天是否下雪嗎？

　　[誤] Could you tell me if it snowed in winter in Beijing?

　　[正] Could you tell me if it snows in winter in Beijing?

　　[析] 一般現在時除表示經常性的動作外，還可表示習慣性的動作，即現階段的一個事實，句中不需要任何經常性的時間狀語配合。could表示一種客氣的語氣，不表示過去時態。

　　3. 他說他第二天要去合肥出差。

　　[誤] He said he will go to Hefei on business the next day.

　　[正] He said he would go to Hefei on business the next day.

　　[析] 主句謂語動詞為過去時，賓語從句表示過去的將來要發生的動作，要用過去將來時。

　　4. 我忘了把你的傘帶來了。

　　[誤] I forget to bring your umbrella with me.

　　[正] I forgot to bring your umbrella with me.

　　[析] 不用forget，而用forgot，因為現在已經記起來了，forgot是說話這一時刻之前的動作。由于受漢語思維習慣的影響，動詞時態觀念不強，誤把一般現在時當作一般過去時。

　　5. 他父親離開祖國已經50年了。

　　[誤] His father has left his homeland for fifty years.

　　[正] His father has been away from his homeland for fifty years.

　　[析] 短暫性動詞的完成時(肯定式)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，要么改為表示狀態的動詞，要么用下列句式來表達(以此句為例)：

　　His father left his homeland fifty years ago.

　　It is fifty years since his father left his homeland.

　　It has been fifty years since his father left his homeland.

　　Fifty years have passed since his father left his homeland.

相關主題