陜西省洋縣中學 高曉鋒 白玉龍
縱觀近幾年高考，英語書面表達大致分為材料作文、圖表作文和開放作文。且材料作文逐漸被圖表作文取代，圖表分析作文就是將數據、圖像所包含的信息，轉化為表意的說明文字。圖表分析作文通常比較復雜，學生不僅要弄清提示，還要看懂所給的圖表和數據。由于這類試題提示內容少，信息點分散，審題時一定要領會作者的出題意圖，弄清主題再動筆：1.單純描述解釋圖表信息，按圖表所示內容如實表達，不加評論。2.通過敘述圖表(或圖畫)中的內容和數字變化來分析原因，發表議論。
(一) 柱狀圖(BAR CHART)
人們日常生活中事物的變化情況通�？梢杂脤挾认嗟鹊闹鶢顖D形來表示，柱狀圖的高度差別用來說明事物的動態發展趨勢，同時要注意圖例說明和坐標刻度所提示的信息。
例：你們班會的討論主題是“上大學是高中生唯一的出路嗎？”請你根據下面圖表及漢語提示，寫一篇短文，并闡述你的個人觀點。
提示：1.增長學識，提高素養，利于擇業。
2.成功的路不只一條。
3.學費高，就業難。
要求：1.詞數：100～120左右。
2.開頭語已為你寫好(不計入詞數)。
3.參考詞匯： tuition n.學費 qualities n.素養
【解題分析】
柱狀圖是高中英語課本中常見的圖形，要求學生通過柱狀圖圖中數據和提示內容寫一短文，屬于比較、對照類。也可根據提示寫為議論文。通常我們采取三段式寫法：
第一段：描述圖表，得出結論。
第二段：緊扣主題，根據圖表比較分析原因，論證結論。
第三段：發表議論，提出自己的看法。
【提煉要點】
分析柱狀圖數據信息。從圖中可看出，黑色代表想上大學，占大多數，約60%；淺黑色代表無所謂，占約30%；白色代表不想上大學，占約10%。
One possible version
Is It The Only Way Out To Go To College？
We had a discussion about whether it is the only way out for senior students to go to college.Views vary from person to person.
The majority of us consider it very necessary to go to college.They think it can widen their knowledge and improve their qualities.Only in this way can they find better jobs after graduation.Very few students， that is about ten percent of the students， think it no use going university， because the tuition is too high for their family to afford.What's more， it's rather hard for college graduates to seek satisfactory jobs.Thirty percent of the students， however， believe “All roads lead to Rome.” Therefore it doesn't make any difference whether they go to college or not.
In my opinion， we can receive a better education at college so that we can serve our motherland.
【語言亮點】
①詞匯。如：consider，widen，afford，seek，satisfactory。
②句式。如：形式賓語：The majority of us consider it very necessary to go to college.
倒裝：Only in this way can they find better jobs after graduation.
主語從句：it's rather hard for college graduates to seek satisfactory jobs.
諺語：All roads lead to Rome.
③過渡詞。如：that is about ten percent of the students，what's more， however， in my opinion。
【技巧點撥】
1.讀懂柱狀圖坐標刻線及圖例說明與文字，比較柱狀高低和顏色表示內容及數據。
2.學會看趨勢、找規律，從整體看圖表有何發展變化，找出特點、規律。
3.引用圖表包含信息，使你的文章“由圖而發”，言之有據。
【常用句式】
1. As can be seen from the chart，... As is shown in the chart，...
2. The chart shows that about 60 percent of students want to go to college...
3. From the graph/data/results/information above， it can be seen/concluded/shown /estimated...
4.The graph shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to...
5.Compared with...，the number of the students of...
實戰演練
觀察下列圖表，請以“Changes in the Ownership of House”為主題，為校報寫一篇短文。
注意：短文應包括以下內容：
1.根據圖示描述該市住房產權的變化。
2.分析產生這些變化的原因。
3.說明這些變化對個人和社會產生的影響。
要求：1.首句已經為你寫好。
2.詞數100左右。
One possible version
Ownership of Houses in a Big City in China
As can be seen from the chart， ownership of houses in a big city in China changed in the past ten years. In 1995， 75 percent of the houses were stateowned. Five years later， the rate of stateowned houses to private ones was 3 to 2. But from then on， the ownership of houses changed rapidly and so far 80 percent of houses have been private.
What caused the changes？ There might have been two main reasons. First， from 1995 up to now， the people's living standards have been improving. Most of them can afford to buy the houses. Second， most people do not save a lot of money in the bank for their children as their parents did in the past. They want to have their own home and enjoy life.
Such changes have had a great effect on the development of society. It does good to both the citizens and the government.
體驗
(2014湖北)受某英文報的委托，你最近對高中生的英語閱讀興趣做了一次調查。請根據以下信息，用英語為該報寫一篇100詞左右的短文。短文的標題及首句已為你寫好。
調查內容：在新聞、故事、科普、學習方法四種英文文章中，學生最喜歡哪一種
調查范圍：湖北省的10所中學
調查對象：高中生
調查人數：1,000
調查方式：訪談
調查結果：(見下圖)
One possible version
Reading Interests of Senior
Middle School Students
Recently， a survey has been done to find out the reading interests of senior middle school students. In this survey， one thousand senior middle school students from ten schools in Hubei Province were interviewed. They were asked which they liked reading most among the four categories of English articles， news， stories， popular science articles and articles about learning methods.
The survey shows that more than half of the students like to read news most. Twentysix percent of the students say that English stories are their favorite. Only seven percent of the students are most interested in reading articles about learning methods. However， the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those who prefer reading articles about learning methods.
(二) 曲線圖(LINE GRAPH)
曲線圖常用來表示事物的變化趨勢。常分為帶時間參照和不帶時間參照兩種。曲線圖的特點是信息集中，一目了然。
例：下面的曲線圖是我國2014年不同月份汽車事故分布示意圖，請以“The number of car accidents in 2014”為題寫一篇文章。要求：
1.描述不同月份汽車事故分布(distribution)及總趨勢。
2.描述汽車事故的可能原因和對策。
3.參考詞匯：peak 頂點，高峰。詞數：100～120 。
【解題分析】
英語曲線圖作文實際是一篇“解說詞”，即通過曲線圖提供的信息，分析圖中數據，綜合出文章的主題�？刹扇∪问綄懛ǎ�
第一段：用簡短的幾個句子簡述圖表。
第二段：根據圖表分類，概括性地描述曲線內容。
第三段：對文章整體內容進行結論性總結。
【提煉要點】
分析曲線圖數據信息。從圖中可看出，曲線圖的橫軸代表2014年的不同的月份，縱軸代表交通事故的數量。從交通事故曲線圖上可知，前八個月的交通事故的數量有升有降。曲線圖在八月份升到了最高點(39)，此后一直呈下降的趨勢，十二月份降到了最低點(16)�？梢�，2014年的交通事故的數量總體上呈下降的趨勢。
One possible version
The Number of Car Accidents in 2014
From the graph， we can see that there were two peaks of accidents in 2014. One was in Feb with the number of 32.The other was in August with the number of 39， which was the highest point of the distribution line. From August， the number of car accident had been decreasing till it reached the lowest point of the year in December. Two peaks occurred in spring and summer， the two seasons which had most of the year's rain. Driving tends to be more dangerous in rainy days. Maybe the weather is the most important reason for car accidents. Be careful， when you drive a car in rainy days.
【語言亮點】
①詞匯。如：peak， point， distribution， decrease， reach， occur， tend to。
②句式。如：賓語從句：we can see that there were two peaks of accidents in 2014.
定語從句：which was the highest point of the distribution line.
狀語從句：...till it reached the lowest point of the year in December.
...when you drive a car in rainy days.
【技巧點撥】
1.認真觀察坐標系信息，抓住曲線圖變化趨勢，結合提供的時間和數據參照尋求切入點。
2.根據曲線圖的變化過程，盡可能利用所給的文字信息進行分類，比較，總結。
3.寫作過程中不必要將圖中全部數據信息加以描述，只需將典型內容作以分析。
4.注意根據有無時間參照確定整篇文章時態。
【常用句式】
1.As can be seen from the graph， the line shows that...
2.According to the graph， we can see/conclude that...
3.This is a line graph which describes the trend of...
4.The number sharply went up to...
5.The percentage of...stayed the same between...
6.The figures reached the peaks/bottom...
實戰演練
1.根據下面曲線圖，以Car Explosion in China為題，描述我國近10年來私人擁有小汽車情況，說明人們生活的水平的變化和你的看法。短文開頭已給出，不計入總詞數 。詞數：100左右。
One possible version
Car Explosion in China
As is vividly described in the table above， great changes in car ownership have taken place in China over past decade. The number of private cars has accordingly increased nearly 7 times from more than 2 million in 1996 to over 14 million in 2014. What's the reason？
There are two main factors for these changes. To begin with， development in economy plays a vital role in these years. The higher incomes results in Chinese people's owning private cars. What's more， in modern society， time means money， many Chinese need a car to do business on time.
In my view， however， the car explosion will constantly increase year by year， a large number of social problems such as traffic jams， among other things， are turning up nearly every city in China.
2.自1970年至1990年，中國農民個人收入穩步增長，特別是改革開放政策大大促進了農村經濟發展。請你根據下面圖表及漢語提示，寫一篇短文，描述其變化，并簡述其原因。
提示：1. 根據圖表，簡析近20年農民平均個人收入情況。
2. 簡析上述變化的原因。
3. 談談你的看法。
注意：1. 詞數100左右。
2. 參考詞匯： 圖表 graph
改革開放reform and opening up
One possible version
According to the figures given by the graph， the Chinese farmers' personal income rose steadily from 1970 to 1990. In the middle of 1970's their income was rather low. Their annual personal income was about 180 yuan. But in 1980 the average personal income increased to 270 yuan. As is shown by the graph， in 1985 their income doubled up to 540 yuan. After that their income are growing sharply. In a word， during the period of 20 years the farmers' income had gone up rapidly.
There were many reasons for it. Mainly the Chinese government had been carrying out a reform and opening policy， which resulted in the steady growth of farmers' income.
I believe that with a series of agricultural policies being carried out， there is no doubt that the farmers' living standard will be improved to the fullest.
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