選詞或搭配不當

[誤]Peter is a warm-hearted person, so everybody likes to have friends with him.

[正]Peter is a warm-hearted person, so everybody lies to make friends with him.

[析]在理解英語詞匯時，不能僅停留在了解其字面意義上，而應掌握內在涵義。同時要熟悉它們的習慣搭配。平時學習詞匯時，要仔細思考，勤查詞典，尤其要多記英語解釋，弄清它們的確切意思和用法，以免造成類似錯誤。

[鞏固練習]

1) It only spends us 15 minutes to go to the park from the center of the city by bus.

2) I hope you to become a lawyer.

3) Mr Wang forgot his wallet in the classroom yesterday.

4) She will remember firmly what her teacher said and did.

5) Can you borrow me your dictionary?

6) I must keep your words in mind and work hard to raise my English.

7) John caught a bad cold, so he had to live in hospital.

8) I saw an animal this afternoon.

[答案]

1)spends→takes/ →We spend 15 minutes going to the park from the center of the city by bus.

2)→I hope that you will become a lawyer./ I wish you to become a lawyer.

3)forgot→left “遺忘某物在某處”不可用forget，應用leave

4)firmly→clearly 漢語中可以講“牢牢記住”，但英語中firmly卻不可與remember搭配。常和remember搭配的副詞有clearly，perfectly，thoroughly等

5)borrow→lend6) raise→improve 7)live→stay live表示“在某處居住”，病人“住院”用stay

8)此句應該用具體詞卻誤用了概括詞，應將animal改為lion，tiger等

邏輯錯誤

[誤]Liu Hua is a kind-hearted girl; she will be successful in anything she tries.

[正]As she has a strong will and confidence in herself, Liu Hua may be successful in anything she tries.

[析]“一個心地善良的人能保證事事都能成功”這個推理不合理�！耙粋�具有堅強意志和信念的人可能會取得成功”這才合乎邏輯。在寫作時，不少學生從語言角度考慮得多，而從邏輯角度考慮得少。因此，常常出現不少邏輯錯誤。

[鞏固練習]

1) Americans are tall.

2) Every bird can fly.

3) She must be ill because I saw a doctor going into her room.

4) When I was going out, it began to rain.

5) The armymen had been marching all day and their uniforms were green.

6) I was born and grew up in the town of Yidu in 1953.

[答案]

1)→Many Americans are tall.2)→Most of the birds can fly.

3)→She must be ill, for I saw a doctor going into her room. because表直接原因，表示的原因和產生的結果有必然的因果關系。原句意思是：她生病是因為醫生走進了她的房間。這是不合邏輯的。改成for引起的分句是對前句作推測性解釋。

4)→I was going out when it began to rain. 我正要出門，這時天突然下起雨來。分析原句得出這一結論：天要在我準備外出時下雨。 這是不符合邏輯的。

5)→The armymen had been marching all day, and their uniforms were dusty. 原句“行軍與軍衣顏色”邏輯上無必然聯系。

6)→I was born in 1953 and grew up in the town of Yidu. 原句時間概念不清。

不合英語表達習慣

[誤]The price of oil is more expensive than before.

[正]The price of oil is higher than before.

[析]英語中價格只有高低(high/ low)，商品才有貴賤(expensive/ cheap)。寫作中，不少學生受漢語思維方式、表達習慣、文化習俗的影響，寫出許多不符合英語表達習慣的句子。要避免此類錯誤的發生，平時訓練就要多比較、歸納英漢兩種語言在表達方式上的差異。

[鞏固練習]

1) China’s population is the most in the world.

2) Zhang Hang studies in Jiangxi Province, Wanzai County, Kangle High School.

3) Li Ping has four classes in the morning. Afternoon has two classes.

4) Since the telephone was invented, people’s life has taken place great changes.

5) My parents both don’t like to go to the cinema, I also don’t.

6) Everywhere can see red flowers and green grass.

7) Today there are still some students don’t know how to use English dictionaries.

8) If use your head, this problem can be solved quickly.

9) Is your work busy?

10) Your student has gone to a work post.

11) It’s he suggested that I write to you.

12) Modern science technology development makes society great changes.

13) After graduated from Beijing University, my uncle became a teacher.

[答案]

1)→China’s population is the largest/ highest in the world.

2)→Zhang Hang studies in Kangle High School, Wanzai County, Jiangxi Province.

3)→Li Ping has four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon.

4)→Since the telephone was invented, great changes have taken place in people’s life.

5)→Neither of my parents likes to go to the cinema. Nor do I.

6)→Everywhere you can see red flowers and green grass.

7)→Today some students still don’t know how to use English dictionaries.

8)→If you use your head, you can quickly solve this problem.

9)→Are you busy with your work?

10)→Your student has gone to work.

11)→It’s he who suggested that I (should) write to you.

12)→The development of modern science and technology has brought about great social changes.

13)→After graduating / he graduated from Beijing University, my uncle became a teacher.

句子缺乏統一性

[誤]To control the birth rate in the world, scientists are looking for new sources of energy.

[正]To control the birth rate in the world, all the governments must take strict and effective measures.

[析]錯句前后兩部分意思無關緊要，違背了統一性原則。統一性要求一個句子必須表達一個單一的完整思想。如果把不相連的思想放在同一句子里或一個句子表達的思想不完整，就破壞了句子統一性原則。

[鞏固練習]

1) Being an honest man, Mr Wang worked very hard.

2) Some television programs are harmful to children, so parents must be prevented from watching TV.

3) Henry was ill and it was the reason why he was absent so long.

4) My niece is not good at maths and seldom comes to see me, and she got married last week.

5) This mountain is six thousand feet high, and it is only four miles from the airport, and the field is not a very large one, but no plane has ever crashed on it.

[答案]

1)→Being an honest man, Mr Wang never tells a lie to his students.

2)→Some television programs are harmful to children, so parents must prevent their children from watching TV.

3)→The reason why Henry was absent so long was that he was ill./ Henry was absent for such a long time because he was ill. 不對等的意思不要用等立連詞。

4)→My niece got married last week. 過多的細節會使讀者抓不住主要思想。

5)→Although this mountain is six thousand feet high and only four miles from the small airport, no plane has ever crashed on it. 這里一系列并列句顯得很單調，表達不出彼此間的關系，破壞了統一性原則。

句子缺乏連貫性

連貫性是指句子無論長短，在安排上要合乎邏輯，銜接自然，使句內語義關系明確，讓人一目了然。學生習作中不連貫的句子主要包括垂懸修飾語、指代不清、未用過渡性詞語、非平行結構和語義不完整的分割短句等方面的錯誤。

[誤]My best friend in high school was our English teacher. Her name was Gao Hui. She taught us English for three years.

[正]My best friend in high school was our English teacher, Gao Hui, who taught us English for three years.

[析]原句把一個簡單的思想內容各列成三個短句來表達，盡管這些句子語法正確，但不連貫，顯得乏力。

[鞏固練習]

1) Rose is in love with John, John is in love with Mary.

2) Tom wrote a quick note. It was to Nancy. She was his friend.

3) Speaking before a crowd of people for the first time, my knees shook.

4) She likes to play tennis and watching basketball games.

5) He told my brother that he was wrong.

6) Every university has many rules and regulations and they must obey all of them.

7) I returned to my room. There was a note under my book. It was from Jack. He said he was in the city looking for a job. He hadn’t found anything yet. He added that he was sorry not to have seen me.

[答案]

1)→Rose is in love with John, but John is in love with Mary.

2)→Tom wrote a quick note to Nancy, his friend.

3)→When I was speaking before a crowd of people for the first time, my knees shook. speaking的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致，產生“垂懸”修飾語。

4)→She likes playing tennis and watching basketball games. 兩個平行的思想to play tennis和watching basketball games用了不同的結構，破壞了句子的連貫性。

5)→ “I am wrong,” he said to my brother./ He said to by brother, “You are wrong.”

6) they→the students, 代詞they無指代對象。

7)→When I returned to my room, I found a note from Jack under my book. He said he was in the city looking for a job, but he hadn’t found anything yet. He added that he was sorry not to have seen me. 此段出現了一連串的短句，這些短句提供的信息量小，語義支離破碎，缺乏連貫性。

Chinglish(漢式英語)錯誤

許多學生在寫英語作文時由于受漢語思維模式的影響，不知不覺地用漢語的表達方式來表達自己的意思，寫出的句子只有懂漢語的英語老師才能意會。產生Chinglish的直接原因是很多學生把整個英語學習視為機械的word-for-word translation的過程，生搬硬套，久而久之，便養成了機械對應的習慣，不會在特定的上下文中正確遣詞造句，選用句型，只會按漢語逐字逐句轉譯為英語。要減少漢式英語，必須做到：①盡量使自己養成用英語思維進行寫作的習慣，注意中西文化差異帶來的不同表達方式。②平時要歸納總結、糾正漢式英語。③廣泛閱讀，多收聽英語廣播、收看電視中的英語新聞節目等。

[鞏固練習]

1) My home has a dog.

2) They played very happily last night.

3) We find that to learn English well is difficult.

4) I think she can not swim.

5) Her age is very young.

6) We didn’t know evening had fallen.

7) He has a lot of students go to college.

8) Learn English well is not easy.

9) There are many teachers taught me English.

10) I very like English.

11) Though he was ill, but he went on working.

12) Because she is ill, so she is absent today.

13) He was married with Anna last month.

14) Have you suggested him to try again?

15) He has reached the age of going to school.

16) In winter it is colder in Changsha than Guangzhou.

17) It’s a good chance that the sky gave me.

18) All the students had started reading English before I did not get up.

19) Beijing rains much in August.

20) The hospital broke out a fire yesterday.

21) She at home.

22) This is Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang County, No.4 Middle School.

[答案]

1)→My family has a dog./ We keep a dog at home.

2)→They had a good time last night./ They enjoyed themselves very much last night.

3)→We find it difficult to learn English.

4)→I don’t think she can swim.

5)→She is very young.

6)→Evening came before we realized it.

7)→A lot of his students have gone to college.

8)→To learn/ Learning English well is not easy./ It’s not easy to learn English well.

9)→Many teachers have taught me English.

10)→I like English very much.

11)→Though he was ill, he went on working./ He was ill, but he went on working.

12)→Because she is ill, she is absent today./ She is ill, so she is absent today.

13)→He was married to Anna last month./ He married Anna last month.

14)→Have you suggested he try again?/ Have you suggested him trying again?

15)→He is old enough to go to school.

16)→In winter it is colder in Changsha than in Guangzhou.

17)→God gave me a good chance./ It’s really a good chance that God gave me.

18)→All the students had started reading English before I got up.

19)→It rains much in Beijing in August.

20)→A fire broke out at the hospital last night.

21)→She is at home now.

22)→This is No.4 Middle School , Jiujiang County, Jiangxi Province.

標點符號誤用

書寫英文句子時，不少學生常常誤用標點符號。標點符號是一種變相文字，是書面語不可缺少的重要手段，同學們平時要比較英漢標點的差異，切莫等閑視之。

[誤]Li Ping isn’t old enough, he can not join the army.

[正]Li Ping isn’t old enough. He can not join the army./ Li Ping isn’t old enough; he can not join the army.

[析]此句犯了兩個或數個獨立的句子用逗號斷開的通病。

[鞏固練習]

1) Mr Yu reads 《China Daily》every day.

2) Some people prefer cooked food, others prefer fried food.

3) “I joined the League in 1989.” he said.

4) Walk along this road, and take the second turning on the left。

5) His parents ran to him and asked what had happened?

6) I like Chinese、maths、history and English.

7) John says Bill will fly to North Korea in the coming year. But I am not sure……

[答案]

1)去掉書名號。漢語中有書名號，但英語中沒有。書寫報刊、書名等時，常用報刊、書名的每個單詞首字母大寫，且常在文中用斜體或在名稱下劃一橫線的形式表示。

2)此句為短句錯誤，可在第二個分句前加上表對照的連詞while或將句中逗號改為分號。

3)→“I joined the League in 1989,” he said. 直接引語是陳述句且放在插入語之前時，應是逗號，不用句號。

4)空心圓點改為實心圓點。

5)句末問號改為句號，因為此為陳述句。

6)把頓號改為逗號，英語中沒有頓號。

7)→John says Bill will fly to North Korea in the coming year. But I am not sure… . 漢語用六個上下居中的點相連表示省略，英語用三個居右下方的點相連表省略，結尾用省略號時，應當使用四個點，第四個是這句話的句號。

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