一，故事原文：
142 現在完成時的基本概念及其“已完成”與“未完成”含義
“Forward, forward … good! Forty feet. Drift to the right a little. Okay, Engines stop. The Eagle has landed!”
A visit to the moon has been a dream of human beings for thousands of years.
The world has listened to the news reports about Apollo 11 for several months. For Americans, they have waited for the great day since 1961.
143 一般現在時替代現在完成時的情形
It was in that year that President Kennedy announced a national goal in his speech to the American people: “By the end of 1960s, the United States of American is to land a man on the moon and return him safely to the earth.”
It is eight yeas since President Kennedy was killed.
144 從現在向過去追溯的時間段與現在完成時（本節無相應故事句，純講解）
145 瞬間動詞、持續性動詞與現在完成時
In the past eight years, people haven’t got any satisfactory explanation about his death, thought they have asked form time to time.
146 現在完成時與時間狀語連用與否時表達的不同含義
They have been keen for the explanation but in vain.
147 序數詞、最高級和現在完成時的連用
However, they never forget the youngest president in American history. Today, a million people have made their camps around the launching site called Cape Kennedy.
It is the first time that a human being has ever set foot on another object in space. It is also the most exciting TV program people have ever watched.
148 說話時仍處于“現在”時間段中的現在完成時
Americans have sent three Apollo spaceships to explore the moon this year.
149 have been to與have gone to的區別
Apollo 9 and Apollo 10 have been to the moon orbit to get the necessary data. Now Apollo 11 has gone to the moon.
150 現在完成時與一般過去時的區別
The astronauts have prepared for the journey for seven years. During the past few months, they have also practised landing on the moon.
Following the voyage of Apollo 9, engineers decided that one more test flight was needed. They wanted to test the landing module near the moon. Three astronauts did so during the flight of Apollo 10.
151 現在完成時可以表示將來完成時的意思
It is certain that people will visit other planets when they have mastered more advanced technologies.
二 詳細講解：
現在完成時
為了講解方便，我們把第一個人踏上月球的那一時刻作為“現在”時刻。
142 現在完成時的基本概念及其“已完成”與“未完成”含義
[故事聯結句： “Forward, forward … good! Forty feet. Drift to the right a little. Okay, Engines stop.”
“向前，向前……好！40英尺、向右偏一點兒。OK。關閉引擎�！盷
“The Eagle has landed!”
鷹已著陸。
這個句子包括了兩個含義。
第一，在說這句話之前的過去時間里，發生了一個動作——“著陸”。
第二，這個發生在過去的動作對“現在”產生了影響——人類現在在月球上了。
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