新地平線太空探測器飛往冥王星的藝術構想圖。 (NASA)
人類可以第一次近距離觀察冥王星。
美國國家航空航天局(NASA)的新地平線(New Horizons)太空探測器以高于以往任何太空探測器的速度飛行了近十年,完成了飛越冥王星的任務。
新地平線太空探測器攜帶了1930年發現冥王星的天文學家克萊爾?湯博(Clyde Tombaugh)的一部份骨灰,此外還有一張記載了400,000個地球人姓名的光盤。這些人參加NASA在新地平線太空探測器升空前發起的“向冥王星發送姓名”的活動。
飛行控制室鼓掌慶賀新地平線太空探測器抵達冥王星。(JHUAPL/NASA)
新地平線太空探測器正向地球傳送有關冥王星的重要數據。目前科學家已經有了很多新的發現:
- 冥王星的直徑接近2,400公里,可確認是海王星(Neptune)軌道外已知太陽系天體中最大的一個。以往的數據只屬于估算。
- 相對天體的規模,冥王星的衛星卡戎(Charon)是太陽系最大的衛星。
- 圖像顯示以往從未發現的特征,包括廣大的心形平原。
冥王星敞開胸懷歡迎新地平線太空探測器。 (JHUAPL/NASA)
新地平線太空探測器在進入星球系統以外的柯伊伯帶(Kuiper Bel)之際,將遇到冰狀團塊,有些大如矮行星。據說這些神秘莫測的團塊保存了太陽系早期形成階段的證據。
多年來,科學家曾認為冥王星是太陽系第9大行星。2006年,科學家修改了原來的星球評級,認為冥王星屬于矮行星,是柯伊伯帶的眾多天體之一。
An artist's view of New Horizons on its long journey to Pluto. (NASA)Humanity just got its first close-up view of Pluto.
Traveling faster than any previous spacecraft, it took nearly a decade for
NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft to get there. New Horizons carries cremated ashes of Clyde Tombaugh, the astronomer who discovered Pluto in 1930. A CD-ROM on board includes the names of more than 400,000 people who accepted NASA’s pre-launch offer to “send your name to Pluto.”
The control room celebrates as New Horizons reaches Pluto. (JHUAPL/NASA)
New Horizon is sending home important data about Pluto. Scientists already have learned a lot:
- Pluto is less than 2,400 kilometers in diameter. That makes it the largest object in our solar system beyond the orbit of Neptune. (Previous measurements were only estimates.)
- Pluto’s moon Charon is the solar system’s largest moon relative to its planet.
- Photos disclose previously unseen features, including a vast,
heart-shaped plain. Pluto welcomes New Horizons with an open heart. (JHUAPL/NASA)
As New Horizons enters the Kuiper Belt, a solar system region beyond the planets, it will encounter icy objects, some as large as dwarf planets. These mysterious objects are thought to preserve evidence about the early formation of the solar system.
For many years, scientists considered Pluto our solar system’s ninth planet. In 2006,they downgraded it
to “dwarf planet,” one of many celestial objects in the Kuiper Belt.
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